10 KEY DEVLOPMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY

The daguerreotype

The daguerreotype was the first commercially successful photographic process  in the history

of photography. Named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is

a unique image on a silvered copper plate. The daguerreotype is a direct-positive process, creating

a highly detailed image on a sheet of copper plated with a thin coat of silver without the use of a

negative. The process required great care. The silver-plated copper plate had first to be cleaned

and polished until the surface looked like a mirror. Next, the plate was sensitised in a closed box

over iodine until it took on a yellow-rose appearance.

Calotype

The calotype was a photographic process in which negatives were made using paper coated with
silver iodide.In this technique, a sheet of paper coated with silver chloride was exposed to light
in a camera obscura; those areas hit by light became dark in tone, yielding a negative image.

Albumen process  

A piece of paper, usually 100% cotton, is coated with an emulsion of egg white (albumen) and
salt (sodium chloride or ammonium chloride), then dried. ... The paper is then dipped in a solution
of silver nitrate and water which renders the surface sensitive to UV light.  Such prints constitute
by far the largest category of objects in 19th century photographic collections. Albumen paper
became the most widely used photographic printing material about 1855, and remained so until
1895; it did not disappear completely from photographic practice until the 1920's.

Conceptual Framework Focus Questions

ARTIST

Archer, a butcher’s son, began his professional career as an apprentice silversmith in London,
then turned to portrait sculpture. To assist him in this work, he began experimenting with the
calotype photographic process of William Henry Fox Talbot. In 1851 he described his
wet collodion process, by which finely detailed glass negatives were produced; from these
, paper positives could be printed. He created the wet collodion process which was defined
by finely detailed glass negatives. He was a apprentice silversmith before turning to portrait
sculpture and then photography. Frederick Scott Archer was born 1813, Bishop’s Stortford
in Hertfordshire, England and he died May 2, 1857, London.  He had experience doing
portrait sculpture and a apprentice in silversmithing.

WORLD

A population census is taken in the United Kingdom. The population reaches 21 million.
6.3 million live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales. The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria  He died impoverished, as since he did not patent the collodion process he made very little money from it. An obituary described him as "a very inconspicuous gentleman, in poor health."

AUDIENCE

The world, because it was like the space race first to the moon but rather like first to get the best
quality photos with the least exposure time and cheapness.

He has influenced all photographers going forward because if not for his development of
the wet collodion process no photographers would be able to practise the art of photography
on the way that we know it today

Artwork: Frames Focus Questions

Structural:

1. Describe the composition of the photograph (composition: how are the objects arranged in the photograph?)
2. There are wooden scaffolds for a new bridge in the foreground and the middle ground consists of
3. rochester bridge and in the background there is rochester castle. We see the river medway going through
4. the photo.
5. How the art elements visible in the image (line, tone, texture, shape, space, direction, colour).
6. In this photo of rochester bridge and castle we see many straight lines going through the photo horizontally
7. and vertically. We can see lots use of shadows under the bridge and also near the scaffolding. We can see
8. the brick like texture on the new bridge pillion on the river bank. We see in this photo a warm golden glow
9. of sepia colors.
10. Describe and explain the meaning of any signs or symbols used in the image. Frederick scott archer
11. photographed many castles interiors and exteriors and rochester castle is one of them.

Subjective:

1. Explain how the photographer has portrayed certain feelings or emotions in this image? Describe how
2. the artist reflects these?
3. He has shown us in the foreground the working class making a
4. new bridge and showed the bridge leading to the castle indicating royalty of some sort. He has
5. photographed many castles indicating that he like royalty and or castle architecture.
6. As an audience member what reaction do you have to this particular image? Are you reminded of a
7. particular event or memory?
8. I actually like this photo it is a great representation of leading lines and
9. also that good photos where took in this time of non dslr camera and not even digital camera.

Cultural:

1. Explain how the photographer’s cultural background is portrayed through this photograph.This photographer doesn't have any cultural background he is just your typical person with no real cultural background.

2. How does this photograph represent the style of a particular period / movement / group the
3. photographer was part of?
4. It shows that royalty is a important factor with the castle in the background and also that
5. the composition of the photo is very clean and not very messy at all like everything's meant to
6. be where it it.

Bibliography
Process: The First Photograph. 2018. Process: The First Photograph. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/process/#top. [Accessed 02 May 2018].

The First Photograph. 2018. The First Photograph. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/. [Accessed 02 May 2018) 

prezi.com. 2018. 10 Significant Developments in Photography History by Emily Andrews on Prezi. [ONLINE] Available at: https://prezi.com/fb_nv0ojlr-2/10-significant-developments-in-photography-history/?webgl=0. [Accessed 02 May 2018].

The Library of Congress. 2018. The Daguerreotype Medium - Daguerreotypes | Digital Collections | Library of Congress . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.loc.gov/collections/daguerreotypes/articles-and-essays/the-daguerreotype-medium/. [Accessed 02 May 2018].